Fibrinogen: A Marker in Predicting Diabetic Foot Ulcer Severity

NewsBot · Dec 6, 2016

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Fibrinogen: A Marker in Predicting Diabetic Foot Ulcer Severity
X. H. Li et al
Journal of Diabetes Research Volume 2016, Article ID 2358321, 5 pages

Aims. To examine whether fibrinogen levels are a valuable biomarker for assessing disease severity and monitoring disease
progression in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Methods. A retrospective study was designed to examine the utility of
fibrinogen in estimating disease severity in patients with DFU admitted to our hospital between January 2015 and January 2016. In
total, 152 patients with DFU were enrolled in the study group, and 52 age and gender matched people with diabetes but no DFU
were included as the control group. DFU severity was assessed using Wagner criteria. Results. Patients with DFU were divided
into 2 subgroups based on the Wagner criteria. Mean fibrinogen values were significantly higher in patients with DFU grade ≧
3 compared to those with DFU grades 1-2 (5.23 ± 1.37 g/L versus 3.61 ± 1.04 g/L). Using ROC statistic, a cut-off value of 5.13 g/L
indicated the possible amputation with a sensitivity of 81.8% and a specificity of 78.9% (positive predictive value [PPV] 78.6%,
negative predictive value [89.0%]). Fibrinogen values were found to be correlated with CRP levels, neutrophil, and WBC count.
Conclusions. Fibrinogen levels might be a valuable tool for assessing the disease severity and monitoring the disease progression in
patients with DFU.
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NewsBot · Jun 5, 2025

The Relationship Between Plasma Fibrinogen Levels and the Severity of Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Diabetic Patients
Zahir Khan et al
Cureus. 2025 Mar 24;17(3):e81118.

Background Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a common and debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus, often leading to hospitalization, amputation, and reduced quality of life. Monitoring biomarkers that reflect inflammatory processes can be crucial for assessing DFU severity and guiding treatment. This study explores the relationship between plasma fibrinogen levels and DFU severity, along with its association with various clinical and inflammatory biomarkers. Objective To assess the relationship between plasma fibrinogen levels and DFU severity, vascular health, infection risk, and other biomarkers in diabetic patients, with the aim of improving the prediction and management of DFU outcomes. Methods A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at Mardan Medical Complex from June 2024 to January 2025, involving 93 diabetic patients with active DFUs. The severity of DFUs was classified using the Wagner system, and vascular health was assessed using the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) and Doppler ultrasound. Plasma fibrinogen levels, along with other biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and fasting blood glucose, were measured through fasting blood samples. Data analysis included statistical tests such as Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA, Decision Trees, Box Plots, Violin Plot, Histograms, and Regression models to explore the associations between fibrinogen levels and DFU severity, vascular impairment, and inflammatory markers. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results The study examined 93 diabetic patients (mean age: 59.02 ± 7.86 years), comprising 49 males (52.68%) and 44 females (46.32%). Among the participants, 28 (30.11%) presented with severe ulcers (Wagner Grade 5), and 53 (56.99%) exhibited critical ischemia. Bacterial infections were identified in 71 (76.34%) of the patients. The mean plasma fibrinogen level was significantly elevated at 681 ± 160 mg/dL, surpassing the normal range. Plasma fibrinogen levels increased with ulcer severity, with medians of 503.51 mg/dL for Wagner Grade 2, 623.45 mg/dL for grade 3, 627.32 mg/dL for grade 4, and 720.77 mg/dL for grade 5 ulcers. Higher fibrinogen levels were also associated with greater ulcer depth (p = 0.046). Additionally, vascular impairment was significantly correlated with fibrinogen levels, with non-palpable pedal pulses and severe peripheral arterial disease showing associations with elevated fibrinogen levels (p = 0.0083 and p = 0.0478, respectively). Furthermore, fibrinogen levels were positively correlated with CRP (r = 0.50) and with comorbidities such as hypertension in 66 (70.97%) patients and chronic kidney disease in 20 (21.51%) patients. Conclusion Plasma fibrinogen levels are strongly associated with DFU severity and could serve as an effective biomarker for predicting disease progression. Monitoring fibrinogen, along with other biomarkers, may help clinicians stratify patients based on their risk of complications and guide more targeted treatment strategies.
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NewsBot · Jul 20, 2025

The Relationship Between Plasma Fibrinogen
Levels and the Severity of Diabetic Foot Ulcers in
Diabetic Patients
Zahir Khan , Shah Zeb , Ashraf . , Rumman . , Amjad Ali , Fazal Aleem , Fatima Omair
Source

Background
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a common and debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus, often leading
to hospitalization, amputation, and reduced quality of life. Monitoring biomarkers that reflect inflammatory
processes can be crucial for assessing DFU severity and guiding treatment. This study explores the
relationship between plasma fibrinogen levels and DFU severity, along with its association with various
clinical and inflammatory biomarkers.
Objective
To assess the relationship between plasma fibrinogen levels and DFU severity, vascular health, infection risk,
and other biomarkers in diabetic patients, with the aim of improving the prediction and management of
DFU outcomes.
Methods
A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at Mardan Medical Complex from June 2024 to January
2025, involving 93 diabetic patients with active DFUs. The severity of DFUs was classified using the Wagner
system, and vascular health was assessed using the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) and Doppler ultrasound.
Plasma fibrinogen levels, along with other biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte
sedimentation rate (ESR), and fasting blood glucose, were measured through fasting blood samples. Data
analysis included statistical tests such as Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA, Decision Trees, Box Plots,
Violin Plot, Histograms, and Regression models to explore the associations between fibrinogen levels and
DFU severity, vascular impairment, and inflammatory markers. Significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results
The study examined 93 diabetic patients (mean age: 59.02 ± 7.86 years), comprising 49 males (52.68%) and
44 females (46.32%). Among the participants, 28 (30.11%) presented with severe ulcers (Wagner Grade 5),
and 53 (56.99%) exhibited critical ischemia. Bacterial infections were identified in 71 (76.34%) of the
patients. The mean plasma fibrinogen level was significantly elevated at 681 ± 160 mg/dL, surpassing the
normal range. Plasma fibrinogen levels increased with ulcer severity, with medians of 503.51 mg/dL for
Wagner Grade 2, 623.45 mg/dL for grade 3, 627.32 mg/dL for grade 4, and 720.77 mg/dL for grade 5 ulcers.
Higher fibrinogen levels were also associated with greater ulcer depth (p = 0.046). Additionally, vascular
impairment was significantly correlated with fibrinogen levels, with non-palpable pedal pulses and severe
peripheral arterial disease showing associations with elevated fibrinogen levels (p = 0.0083 and p = 0.0478,
respectively). Furthermore, fibrinogen levels were positively correlated with CRP (r = 0.50) and with
comorbidities such as hypertension in 66 (70.97%) patients and chronic kidney disease in 20 (21.51%)
patients.
Conclusion
Plasma fibrinogen levels are strongly associated with DFU severity and could serve as an effective biomarker
for predicting disease progression. Monitoring fibrinogen, along with other biomarkers, may help clinicians
stratify patients based on their risk of complications and guide more targeted treatment strategies
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Fibrinogen: A Marker in Predicting Diabetic Foot Ulcer Severity

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Fibrinogen: A Marker in Predicting Diabetic Foot Ulcer Severity

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

Foot pain and inflammatory markers

Monocyte Phenotype as a Predictive Marker for Wound Healing in Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Biomarkers for diabetic foot amputation prediction

Lower limb pulse rise time as a marker of peripheral arterial disease

Osteopontin expression in chronic wounds: a potential prognostic and therapeutic biomarker.

Abnormal skin in toe webs is a marker for abnormal glucose metabolism

Biomarkers of Healing in Chronic Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Share This Page

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